I went to Amsterdam

, not the first time, but the second time.

The weather was cold. Crazy town

Very busy.

Easter= Pasen

The children came searching for chocolate eggs that were hidden in the kitchen and the living room.

A towel = handdoek

Shower gel = douche gel

A cold buffet

Easter bunny = paashaas

Meadow= weide

Past Simple: positive / negative

26. didn’t start

27. brought

28. didn’t see

29. broke

30. didn’t go away

31. got

32. didn’t feel

33. came

34. didn’t give

35. makes people

36. didn’t take  too long

37. heard

38. didn’t forget

39. grew

40. didn’t go

41. wrote

42. didn’t see any snow

43. sat

44. didn’t bring

45. began

46. didn’t feel

47. said

48. didn’t forget

49.chose

50.didn’t take away.

I can describe animals and insects

A creature : een levend wezen

Lion = de leeuw

A tail = start

Elephant = olifant

A trunk = slurf

A shark= een haai

A whale = walvis

Tiger= tijger

Stripes = strepen

Camel = kameel  >> a hump = een bult

Fur = vacht / pels

Polar bear = ijsbeer

Leopard = luipaard

Spots = vlekjes

Monkey = aap

Bonobo >> chimpanzee

Baboon = baviaan

Snake = slang

Eagle = arend

Beak= bek

Feathers= pluimen / veren

Wing = vleugel

Spider = spin

Fly = vlieg

Bee = bij

Mosquito = mug

• Leopard
• Elephant
• Eagle
• Gorilla
• Whale
• Spider
• Snake
• Shark
• Monkey

2) wings > fly, eagle, bee, mosquito

Tail > lion, elephant, leopard, tiger, camel, monkey

Insect >> fly, bee, mosquito

Fur > gorilla, bear

Trunk> elephant

Stripes > tiger

Spots > leopard

Beak > eagle

Unusual Facts

A kind = soort > a type

Kind = vriendelijk

Poisonous = giftig

Poison = vergif

Harmless = ongevaarlijk

To vary = verschillen

Average= gemiddeld

Lifespan = levensduur

To hunt = jagen

To attack = aanvallen

To sting = steken

A bee sting= bijensteek

4) True or false

1) false

2) true

3) true

4) true

5)false

6) false

5) Answer these questions

A noun = zelfstandig naamwoor

Verb = werkwoord

• Survival
• Life expectancy
• Weight
• Poisonous
• Harmless / harmful

Labour day = 1st of May

Ascension = Hemelvaart

I went to see Bart Peeters in concert.

The audience= the crowd

Hyper-active , stressy

To stutter >> a stutterer

When she talks, she stutters, but she sings fluently

5 times more nests of the Asian hornet

I was stung by a bee last year. I am allergic

Wasps

The temperatue fluctuate;

A harsh winter

A garden shed

A car port

A compost barrel

Nests can be as big as a basketball

The odour = the smell

The flavour = the taste

The hedges

Once bitten, twice shy.

Lettuce is a vegetable

A banana

A strawberry

Raspberry = braambes

Blackberry

Twins >> triplets

It is not easy to raise twins >> opvoeden

They have their own lingo / language

Decorating >> painting

A snoring man in the library

There weren’t many people

He woke him up

Bystander effect

I have been working outside with the flowers

The hyacinths, daffodils (narcissen) , herbs ( kruiden)

We bought some flowers

The price of the flowers is decent= deftig

A tough walk up the hill

Dandelions =  paardebloemen

A pleasant and busy holiday

 A sleep-over

The Japanese garden

A stay-at home husband

Layers >> tiers = lagen

Silk , cotton, wool,

Perfume

Ankle

One size fits all

Lace = kant

Egg-hunt

Een raap= a turnip

Guaranteed = gegarandeerd

Yesterday I was in Gent as well.

The Armenian genocide

Present Perfect

36. Yes, I have met a celebrity.

37. No, she hasn’t finished.

38.Yes, they have visited London.

39. No, he hasn’t called

40. Yes, I have travelled abroad.

The silk trail

41. She has just finished her homework.

42. I have never seen a whale.
It rains constantly  / a flock of sheep

43.  They have visited their grandma this week.

44. He has already watched the new movie.

45. We have lived here since 2015

46. I have lived here for five years = since 2020

47. She has worked since 2010.

48. He hasn’t called me yet.

49. They have just finished their project.

50. Have you ever been to New York.

Bright / light blue

62. I can discuss my likes and dislikes

Silence is golden

Although = though >> alhoewel

To be keen on = leuk vinden

Not particularly

To loathe = to hate

I can’t stand = ik kan er niet tegen

Snails = slacken

To detest = to loath

I’d rather die = Ik ga nog liever dood.

Non profit organisation >> NGO : non government organisation

A swamp = moeras

Invasive = it comes from somewhere else, doesn’t belong here

Overgrown = overwoekerend

A creek >> a river

Waders = lieslaarzen

The river banks

yellow skunk cabbage is an invasive plant

to root it out = uitroeien

the border / the frontier

a skunk = stinkdier

a bulb= knol

a mop = dweil

I was radio-active

Thyroid = schildklier

An over-active thyroid

To lose ones balance

An auto-immune illness

Respiration = breathing

Weight loss

Pills / medication

To go to the doctor for a check-up

We had to sleep separately

Spring cleaning

The Dutch flower bulb fields >> hyacinths, daffodils (narcissen),

Crop rotation = drieslagstelsel

Contamination >> to contaminate = besmetten

A back-draw >> an offset

The flowers bloom and smell delicious

To make reservation in advance

The Dutch were starving and ate the flower bulbs >> famine

Easter eggs

The chocolate melted …

A door handle / a door knob

To put the door ajar ( = slightly open)

The home for the elderly

A van = busje

I couldn’t care less =

To receive death threats

The stock exchange >> Wall street

The constitution

Mivalti is a social institution where the vibe is relaxed.

Voluntary work

To warn the driver that there will be more / less passengers.

Accountancy = the income and expenses >> profit

You have to guide the clients / residents

A guide = gids / begeleider

A helmet

A gift

A free mind, unlimited, no limits

A model = maquette

A social environment

To castrate a tomcat

An asylum>> a pet shelter

House broken = the kitten doesn’t defecate in the house

The veterinarian = the vet

A cat roams freely

I feed the cat every day

Unconditional love

We booked a trip to Prague

A midweek to the Czech Republic

A suspect

Suspicious

Obey the law

The Germans ( Polizei) are very strict!

To give the right of way = voorrang

Drivers’ license

Cleavage = décolleté

1950 was a turning point

The fall of the Berlin wall.

The BRICS is a forum for cooperation among a group of leading emerging economies. The BRICS includes 10 countries - Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Russian Federation, South Africa, United Arab Emirates.

Gas is expensive

Russian assets are frozen

We are living in uncertain, dangerous times

Prepping = to prepare yourself for war: water, food, batteries,

Hoarders = people who hoard >> hamsteren

A mental disorder

Controlled anarchy

The harbour >> the port

>> to harbour

To liquefy >> to make gas liquid

Hydrogen = waterstof

Clutter

"If a cluttered desk is a sign of a cluttered mind, then what is an empty desk a sign of?" © Einstein

To outstay your welcome

To go through customs = to go through security

You have to indicate where you are going to.

Water provisions >> water is provided

Lombard Street

Known as the “Crookedest Street in the World,” Lombard Street is one of San Francisco's most popular landmarks.

The Golden Gate Bridge

I went to The Hague to see an exhibition of French Impressionists

Grand Desserts >> a royal banquet

Fake food  e.g.  Jelly

Life is short : Eat dessert first

The girl with the pearl earring  (Vermeer)

The art academy

A stretch >> cycling triop

Cobblestones = kasseistenen

A steep, small hill

The front wheel of the bike

You start swirling from the left to the right

Grandstand = tribune

An electric bike supports up to 25km/hour

A helmet is important when riding your bike

A tepee = Indian tent >> wigwam

A hollow road

April’s fools day

Shrimp = geirnaers

Adolescence

Breaking News: People are happiest in the

mornings, says study

True / False

1 T 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 F 6 F 7 T 8 T

Synonym

Answers – Synonym Match

1. h

2. d

3. j

4. b

5. f

6. c

7. i

 8. a

 9. g

10. e

Phrase Match

1I / 2d/  3  / 4B / 5H / 6J / 7  E / 8G / 9A / 10C  

A nighthawk = nachtuil

Spelling

1 bluest

2 comprehensive

3 overall

4 diverse

5 align

6 characteristics

7 investigated

8 anxiety

9 subdued

10attributable

Powerpoint presentation

Association =  vereniging

I read the introduction = Ik las de inleiding

First part = eerste deel

The closure = het sluiten

They thought it was very interesting = Ze vonden het interessant

I went to the dentist = tandarts

Life’s Greatest Pleasure

• A good night’s sleep: een goede nachtrust
  
  
• Finding a forgotten tenner in your pocket: Tien euro terugvinden in je zak
• Cuddling up with a partner in bed: knuffelen met een partner in bed
• Crying with laughter : huilen van het lachen
• Having a lie-in: uitslapen
• Sleeping in newly laundered bedding: Slapen in verse lakens
• Getting a bargain: een koopje doen

• Making someone smile: iemand laten glimlachen
  
  
• Catching up with an old friend: bijpraten met een oude vriend
• Laughing at things that have happened in the past
  = Lachen met dingen die vroeger gebeurd zijn.
• Eating a Sunday roast with your family
  = Op zondag gebraad eten met de familie
  
  
• Someone saying you look nice = iemand die zegt dat je er goed uitziet
  
  
• Curling up on the sofa with a good book and a hot drink or soup=In de zetel kruipen met een goed boek en warm drankje
• Discovering you've lost a few pounds = Ontdekken dat je enkele kilo’s kwijt bent
• Breakfast in bed= ontbijt op bed
• Waking up thinking it's a work day and then realising it's the weekend= wakker worden en denken dat je moet werken en ontdekken dat het weekend is
• A random person smiling at you in the street= Een willekeurige person die glimlacht naar je op straat
• Looking through old photo albums = Naar oude foto-albums kijken
• Eating a takeaway= Frietje / pizza eten
  
  
• First snow fall of the year = De eerste sneeuw van het jaar
• Singing your heart out to your favourite song in car = Luidop meezingen in de auto
• Having lunch with friends= een etentje met vrienden
  
  
• Listening to a baby laughing= luisteren naar lachende baby’s
  
  
• Having a massage= massage krijgen
  
  
• Reading a book or listening to your iPod on holiday by the pool= Boek lezen of naar muziek luisteren op vakantie aan het zwembad
• Playing in snow: In de sneeuw spelen
• Finding a pair of jeans that fit perfectly: Een jeansbroek vinden die perfect past
  
  
• Being chatted up: Iemand die flirt met u
  
  
• A girly-night in = een nachtje met de meiden
  
  
• A pampering session at home: een verwensessie thuis
• The smell of freshly cut grass: de geur van vers gemaaid gras
• Sitting in the pub with your friends: Op café met je vrienden
• Looking at a baby asleep in a cot: Naar baby kijken die slaapt in de wieg
• Waking up in a room with an amazing view: Wakker worden in een kamer met een prachtig zicht

• Clothes shopping: Kleren gaan kopen
• Receiving a letter from a friend: Een brief krijgen van een vriend
  
  
• Fitting into an old pair of jeans again after losing some weight: Terug in een broek passen waar je niet meer in kon.
• Staying up all night getting to know someone special.
  = Heel de nacht doorbrengen iemand leren kennen.

• Your mum’s cooking: Moeder’s gekooksel

• Getting dressed up for a night out= U opkleden voor een avondje uit.

• Watching a live band= Naar een optreden gaan kijken

• Drinking a cold beer after work = Een fris pintje na het werk
  
  
• Browsing in a secondhand bookshop= snuisteren in een 2dehands boekenwinkel
  
  
• Going to the cinema: Naar de cinema gaan
  
  
• Getting a new hairstyle: Een nieuw coupe krijgen
  
  
• Your queue being the quickest in the supermarket: Je rij die de snelste is in de supermarkt
• The cold side of the pillow: de koude kant van je hoofdkussen
• Watching a DVD: Naar DVD kijken
• Getting tipsy: Een beetje beneveld zijn
• Popping bubble wrap : inpakbolletjes kapot drukken

Climbing in bed with socks and after ten minutes taking socks off.

Cherrypit pillows

Being the first to get up, in a silent house.

Hearing the birds wistle = de vogels horen fluiten

The sunrise

Sunset at the beach

• Came
• Didn’t fall
• Ran
• Wasn’t / was not
• Brought
• Didn’t eat
• Began
• Didn’t hop
• Gave time together = gaf tijd om samen door te brengen
• Hid
• Didn’t have
• Didn’t come
• Found
• Changed
• Didn’t drink >> pond = vijver
• Brought
• Didn’t know
• Felt
• Didn’t give
• Began
• Made
• Didn’t take
• Woke
• Wasn’t
• ran

I can say sorry and respond

He pushed me, but didn’t apologize= Hij duwde mij, maar bood zijn excuses niet aan.

Rude = onbeleefd  <<>> polite

Correct the mistakes

I’ve lost your dictionary
Never mind

I’ve forgotten your book.

Don’t worry

I’ve broken your cup

It’s ok / It doesn’t matter

The mice are gone!

The history from Persia to Iran

Nowadays = de dag van vandaag

Contemporary = hedendaags

The shah is in exile = balingschap

The sooner the better = hoe eerder hoe beter

On request of the people

Submission = onderwerping

To prep : to make sure you have enough water, TP ( toilet-paper), food, radio, etc … for three days.

Arch enemy = aartsvijand

Do not love half-lovers

To indulge = toegeven / verwennen

You are a whole to exist a life, not half a life.

Marathon de sable : run 250 km in 7 days

Scorching hot = schroeiend heet

They trained in the sand and the sauna.

Broth = bouillon

bouillon cubes

a heat stroke

trilogy = triologie

Health

Cozo and Helena, mijngezondheid

The whole file from long time ago.

To register every family member with their mobile number.

The pharmacist = the chemist (UK) = the drugstore (US)

We picked him up

Gated community = omheind

I have lived here for 5 years = I have lived here since 2020

She has been working here for three years = she still works here.

1. She has travelled
2. Haven’t finished
3. Have you ever eaten.
4. I have just completed my assignment ( opdracht / taak)
5. He has never seen a lion in the wild.
6. We have already visited
7. Has she called you today?
8. He hasn’t given.
9. I have lived here = I have been living here since 2010
10. They have worked
11. I have seen that movie before.
12. She has worked
13. They have just arrived
14. He has already finished
15. We haven’t visited London yet.
16. She has been
17. They have never met
18. Have you seen?
19. He has just left
20. We have not

• Has she ever been to Spain?
• Have you finished?
• Have they visited ?
• Has he called you today?
• Have we eaten at this restaurant before?
• I have
• Have you ever seen?
• She has
• They haven’t finished
• He has written
• I have never been to Asia?
• He has lived in Paris
• They have just arrived?
• We haven’t eaten lunch.
• She has already finished her work.

First Valencia with the girlfriends, then  Singapore.

We were supposed to comeback on the 24^th of February, but mistakenly I booked for the 24^th of March.

To swap tickets

To transfer / to change trains.

A travel agency

A sign with ‘grannie’ on it.

I read fairy tales in my granddaughter’s class:

Snowwhite, Cinderella (Assepoester), rumplestiltskin, goldielocks, the ice fairy,

The humidity was very high.

Bukit Timah Hill is the highest point in Singapore.

The rising sea-levels >> the tides?

A clock tells you how much time you have to cross the roads.

The immigration rules.

A dictatorship

An ice-cream cone

The currency is Singapore dollar  

Camera’s with facial recognition.

To incarcerate = to put behind bars

The story begins …

Once upon a time = er was eens

Google chromecast is a system for digital tv

Wifi = ‘waifai’

A stable connection

The warranty = waarborg

‘ warranty is void when seal is broken’

I installed the device.

Read the manual.

Boys and toys

www= world wide web

in abundance= overaanbod / overdaad

to switch channels

abbreviation = afkorting

to go on strike.

‘The choice’ is a book by Edit Eger, who survived the Holocaust (Shoah)

The angel of death = dr Mengele

A field hospital in Austria

The Partisans

PTSD =

Survivor guilt= why did I survive, and others didn’t?

Clinical psychology

to get rid of thoughts

We always have a choice how to handle adversity, how to deal with the past.

Even in a hell, hope can flower / bloom

A genocide

Hungary >> Orban

Israel >> Natanyahu

The separation of powers = scheiding der machten

WASP = White Anglosaxon Protestants

Slovenia

Ignorant = onwetend

The pentagon is removing all DEI ( Diversity , Equity, Inclusion) information

The Enola Gay was the bomber who

Gay = vrolijk

To be afraid

A flick knife = springmes

A pocket knife

A Swiss knife

A survival knife

A quick visit from the son.

Handbag museum

The flea market

The thrift store where you can buy second-hand clothes

An ashtray

A keyring >> key holders

A church bell

You can look, but you can’t touch

To pulverise

The carriage

Horse and carriage

To put the cart before the horse

A brief case

The zip = zipper

She is obsessed with handbags

Middle aged women

Fascinating crime stories = misdaadverhalen

Jack the Ripper was a legendary murderer of prostitutes in Victorian (1888) London. He mutilated them.

A suspect took his own life.

Y2K= the millennium bug

People are happiest in the morning

The blues

Comprehensive = uitgebreid

Varying times = different times

The mood = gemoed

Participants = deelnemers

Worthwile = de moeite

A diverse sample = > many different people

To subdue =  onderdrukken / temperen

Grumpy

To attribute to = toe te wijden aan

To unwind

To splash out = to spend

To posit = poneren / aannemen

Precipitation = neerslag

Every cloud has a silver lining.

The distinction between fiction and non-fiction

I’m glad the weather is nice. It’s weather to sit on a terrace.

Pancakes = pannenkoeken

We can work in the garden.

The groin = de lies

66 I can offer, accept, and refuse

To offer = aanbieden

Accept = aanvaarden

Refuse = weigeren

Common = gebruikelijk / algemeen

• Can I give you a hand. - Don’t worry.
• Do you want sth to eat. Could I have a biscuit.
• Do you need some help? No, I’m fine
• Would you like a drink? Thanks.

• Can I give you a hand.
• Thank you very much.
• Would you like?
• Thanks a lot.
• No, I’m fine, thanks.

3)
a) would you like a drink
b) Yes, could I have some water

a) Do you need some help?

b) No I’m fine, thanks.

a)Would you like something to eat?

B) Yes please, Could I have a apple

Can I give you a hand?

No, don’t worry.

This too shall pass. = Ook dit zal voorbij gaan.

• D
• E
• F
• A
• G
• B

• OF
• Let
• Shall
• Would
• Shall I carry …
• Give
• Me ( washing-up = de vaat)
• Want

Complete the conversations

Let me give you a lift

Oh, thanks. That’s very kind of you.

OK. Shall I make/ prepare

Yes, thanks.

Let me / Let us (Let’s)  do the

Let me carry it for you.

Oh, thanks very much.

Do you want me to answer it?

  Directions

Museum = 4

Playing field = speelveld = 10

Opposite = tegenover

Station = 5

Past the station = voorbij het station

Mrs Simon’s house = 13

On the corner

Clothes shop = 2

Surgery = 1 >> doctor’s office

Leisure (= vrijetijd) center = 9

Hospital = 8

Bank = 3

Supermarket = 6

School = 11

Post office =14

Roundabout = rotonde

Bookshop = 7

Newsagent = 12

Margaret’s house = 15

The City

Office building = kantoorgebouw

Lobby = ingang / inkom

Corner = hoek

Crosswalk = zebra crossing = zebrapad

Departmentstore

Bakery = bakkerij

Public telephone = telefooncel

A sign = bord

Post office = postkantoor

Traffic cop = verkeersagent

Intersection = kruispunt ( crossroads)

Pedestrian = voetganger

Bench = bank

Trash basket = vuilbak

Metro-station

17)  lift

18) boekenwinkel

19) garage

20) parkeermeter

21) verkeerslicht

22) apotheker / chemist / pharmacy

23) appartement

24) huisnummer

25) voetpad

26) stoeprand

27) kinderwagen

28) fruit en groenten markt

29) straatlicht

30) kiosk

31) straat

32) riooldeksel

26. He didn’t take = did not take

27. She read

28. I didn’t forget

29.They met

30. We didn’t speak

31. He brought

32. didn’t leave

33. I heard

34. you didn’t tell

35. They won

36. didn’t sell

37. He wrote

38. didn’t wear

39. felt

40. didn’t understand

41. slept

42. didn’t cut

43. stood

44. didn’t lose ( wallet = portefeuille)

45. thought

46. didn’t take

47. chose

48. didn’t pay

49. sang

50. didn’t teach

Jewelery

• Oorringen
• Ring
• Verlovingsring
• Trouwring
• Ketting
• Halsketting
• Parelsnoer
• Pin
• Armband
• Polshorloge
• Horlogebandje
• Manchetteknopen

• Daspin
• Dasspeld
• knijpers
• (Gewone) oorring
• Slotje
• Voorkant
• Achterkant
• Scheermes
• Aftershave
• Scheershuim
• Scheermesjes
• Nagelvijl
• Nagellak
• Potlood
• Parfum
• Mascara
• Lippenstift
• Oogschaduw
• Nagelknipper
• Blush
• Eyeliner

Describing clothes

• Kort
• Lang
• Spanned
• Los
• Vuil
• Proper
• Klein
• Groot
• Licht
• Donker
• Hoog
• Lag
• nieuw
• Oud
• Open
• Toe / dicht
• Gestreept
• Geruit
• Bolletjes
• Effen
• Met een print
• ‘Carro’

Social English (p160)

• Would you like to go for a meal?
  Yes, great.
• Do you want to come around for a coffee?
  I’m afraid I can’t
• Would you like to come to a party tomorrow.
  Yes, that sounds lovely/ fun.
• Do you want to go out for a drink?

I’d love, but I’m going to the gym.

Suggestions

I’d prefer = Ik verkies / preferer / ik geef de voorkeur

Perhaps = misschien

Correct mistakes:

• What shall we do this evening?
• Do you have a suggestion? What do you suggest?
• What about going to see a film?
• I’d prefer to go by train.
• Yes, that is a good idea.

• What about going to the theatre.
  I’m not sure about that
• What shall we do on Saturday?
  Perhaps we could go out for a meal
  Ok, let’s do that.
• Where shall we go this afternoon?
  Let’s go to an exhibitionist.
  Yeah that’s a good idea.

Yesterday I went back to training.

To catch up = mee zijn

Monday I get an appointment to remove my broken tooth. = om een gebroken tand te verwijderen 

temporary = tijdelijk

luckily = gelukkelijk

one tooth >> two teeth

technician 

in the mean time = ondertussen

wonderful skitrip

sun in the mountains

until 4 o'clock= tot 4 uur.

we went skiing together.

she loves to jump over the hills

the holiday was over quickly

Mother tongue= moedertaal

Hellen Mirron : British actress

One of the greatest gifts of growing older is the magnitude of solitude. =  the wonderfulness of being by yourself.

What once felt ass loneliness now feels as freedom. My home is my refuge = toevluchtsoord

A place where I can dance without anyone watching. To sit quietly with myself.

Satisfying

To be by yourself.

 A hermit ( kluizenaar) lives in solitude

 A refugee = vluchteling

A tramp = landloper / vagebond

Nasty

Uninvited ( niet uitgenodigd) guests in the attic.

One mouse >> two mice

Eradicated = uitgeroeid

Mice would be cute without the tail

A terraced house = rijhuis

Semi-detached house = half-open bebouwing

Detached house

Chickens will attract rodents = knaagdieren

March is coming. Winter is tired.

The ice melts 

The grass turns green

The air smells fresh … new beginnings

Spring is knocking softly on the door.

The sun is a bright golden globe

Flowers awaken >> to awaken = wakker worden >> ( awoke / awoken)

Snowdrops dance

Crocuses bloom = bloeien

In March everything grows again.

A soft breeze blows through the trees.

The first birds have returned

Songs full of hope and strength

A symphony that softens our heads.

Lively, full of movements

Full of dreams

Fresh blessings ( zegeningen) >> to bless = zegenen

Wintersleep = hibernation

Lift your head and feel the new year

Spring is the most beautiful.

I pruned the plants. I suffer from some backpain.

I went to buy / to get potatoes and fish

Apples

Turnip= raap

Asparagus

 A naval ( marine) base in Sudan

Bases in the south

Peninsula

Russians certainly want to be among the largest on earth and are prepared to do a lot to obtain ( verwerven) this.

A source = bron

They will divide the water of the Nile.

**The Present Perfect Simple**

## Formation

The **Present Perfect Simple** is formed using the auxiliary verb **"have"** or **"has"** (depending on the subject) followed by the **past participle** of the main verb.

**Formula:**

- **Affirmative:** Subject + have/has + past participle

  - Example: *She has visited Paris.*

- **Negative:** Subject + have/has + not + past participle

  - Example: *They have not finished their work.*

- **Interrogative:** Have/Has + subject + past participle?

  - Example: *Have you seen this movie?*

## Uses

The **Present Perfect Simple** is used to describe:

### 1. Actions or Experiences at an Unspecified Time in the Past

Used to talk about life experiences without mentioning a specific time.

- Example: *I have never been to Japan.*

### 2. Actions That Started in the Past and Continue in the Present

Used for actions that began in the past and are still relevant or ongoing.

- Example: *She has lived in London for five years.*

### 3. Recently Completed Actions

Used to describe actions that were recently completed and have present consequences.

- Example: *I have just finished my homework.*

### 4. Repeated Actions in an Unspecified Time Period

Used to describe actions that have happened multiple times before now.

- Example: *They have visited that museum several times.*

## Common Time Expressions Used with the Present Perfect Simple

- **Just** (for recently completed actions): *She has just arrived.*

- **Already** (for completed actions, often earlier than expected): *He has already eaten.*

- **Yet** (for questions and negatives, meaning "up to now"): *Have you finished yet?*

- **Ever** (for life experiences in questions): *Have you ever traveled abroad?*

- **Never** (for life experiences, meaning "not at any time"): *I have never tried sushi.*

- **For** + period of time (e.g., "for five years"): *She has worked here for three years.*

- **Since** + point in time (e.g., "since 2010"): *I have known him since high school.*

By understanding the formation and usage of the **Present Perfect Simple**, you can effectively communicate past events with present relevance!

Gay = a) homosexual   b) vrolijk

I could handle it = ik kon het aan.

Wednesday

Tied up = vastgebonden aan

To procrastinate = to postpone >>uitstellen

I can make arrangements

1) I am meant to meet him at six.

2) Tied up to = busy

3) What about …

4) He is not free

5) I’ll do it later

6) Are you able to come at five

7) are you able to do it /

8) Can we meet

9) I’m afraid

Mistake in each sentence

• Shall we come together
• I’ll tell you it definitely tomorrow.
• I could put the meeting off.
• I’m afraid I’m tied up then.
• Let’s meet at a restaurant, say.

What about the station instead.

• As an alternative, we could meet on Tuesday.

Handwriting:

Meticulous = nauwgezet

Strong-willed = … stubborn

Conscientious = nauwgezet